VIP

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal ) 

Vasoactive Intestinal (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuro supplied in lyophilized form for in vitro and in vivo research applications. This research-grade enables investigation of VPAC receptor signaling, neuroimmune interactions, smooth muscle regulation, and circadian rhythm mechanisms.

Chemical Specifications:

• Sequence: His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Val-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Asn-NH₂
• Molecular Formula: C₁₄₇H₂₃₇N₄₃O₄₂S
• Molecular Weight: 3326.77 Da
• Structure: 28 amino acids with C-terminal amidation
• CAS Number: 37221-79-7
• Form: Sterile lyophilized white to off-white powder

Molecular Mechanism:

Receptor Targets:

• VPAC1 Receptor (VIP/PACAP receptor type 1) – Gs-coupled GPCR, widely distributed
• VPAC2 Receptor (VIP/PACAP receptor type 2) – Gs-coupled GPCR, tissue-specific expression
• Weak PAC1 binding – Lower affinity than PACAP

Signaling Pathways:

• cAMP/PKA Activation: Primary pathway through Gs coupling
• Vasodilation: Smooth muscle relaxation via cAMP-dependent mechanisms
• Immunomodulation: Anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation (↓TNF-α, ↑IL-10)
• Neuroprotection: BDNF upregulation, anti-apoptotic signaling

Research Context:

VIP was discovered in 1970 as a potent vasodilator . Subsequent research revealed its extensive distribution and pleiotropic functions across multiple organ systems. VIP’s anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties have driven research in autoimmune disease, sepsis, and neuroinflammation models. Its role in circadian rhythm regulation (master clock synchronization in SCN) makes it valuable for chronobiology research.